Guilt and Shame Shape Behavior Through Separate Brain Pathways

Summary: Guilt and shame arise from different cognitive triggers and rely on distinct neural systems to guide compensatory behavior. Using a controlled game that manipulated both harm and responsibility, researchers…

Negative Expectations Worsen Pain More Than Positive Ones Ease It

Summary: New research shows that negative expectations, known as nocebo effects, exert a stronger and longer-lasting impact on pain perception than positive expectations, or placebo effects. In a two-session study,…