Summary: Gender and education, rather than political beliefs, are significant factors in people’s social skills. Researchers analyzed qualities such as agreeableness, ability to pick up on subtle cues, and self-reflection among 4,000 UK participants.
Results suggest that being female and educated are the biggest determinants of the capacity to understand others, a psychological concept known as ‘theory of mind’. In contrast, political views showed no correlation with understanding others.
Key Facts:
- The study analyzed 4,000 people in the UK, finding that being female and educated are the primary determinants of understanding or ‘reading’ others’ minds.
- Political beliefs were found to have no link to a person’s ability to understand others, challenging common perceptions about the influence of politics on social skills.
- Older participants generally showed a decreased ability to understand others, highlighting age as a factor that can impact social cognitive abilities.
Source: University of Bath
Political parties regularly claim to have their finger on the pulse and be able to read the public mood.
Yet a new study challenges the idea that being political makes you good at understanding others: it shows gender, not politics, is a far more important factor in determining people’s social skills.
Analysis of a sample of 4,000 people from across the UK, compiled by a team of psychologists at the University of Bath, highlights that being female and educated are the biggest determinants of whether you can understand or read others’ minds.
For their study the psychologists looked at qualities associated with understanding others such as agreeableness, picking up on subtle clues and self-reflection. In psychology, this is known as ‘theory of mind’: the capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them.
The team stress these results represent averages, but they say their study is an important reminder about the drivers of agreement and disagreement in public life. Their findings are published today in the journal PLOS One.
Age was only associated with understanding others in later life: on average, older people had poorer ability to understand other people.
Dr Punit Shah, Senior author, Associate Professor and leading expert on social cognitive processing at the University of Bath explains: “In a world where it seems increasingly difficult to hold and express different points of view, it is crucial that we understand the barriers to connecting with other people.
“Political views are often thought of as such a barrier, but our research actually shows that a person’s politics is not, in fact, linked to how well they understand others.
“Importantly, we didn’t just find an absence of evidence for a political link in the study. The analyses also provided evidence of absence for this link.
“This is a socially important finding that might help to break down some artificially constructed barriers between people and ultimately improve understanding between different people in our society.”
Shah argues that the link between being educated and female and better understanding other perspectives is also important.
He adds: “Historically male perspectives have been prioritized in society. We are of course seeing this narrative diminish over time, and research like ours adds extra evidence to highlight the important role of education and being female for social understanding and cohesion in society – far more so than politics.”
To conduct the research, the team asked members of the public to provide details about their socio-demographic background, as well as to score their political beliefs (ranging from 1 = very liberal, to 7 = very conservative).
They also used a ‘mindreading test’ to ascertain how well participants understood what other people are thinking.
This test – developed by the same team in 2021 – asks a series of simple statements, such as: ‘I can usually understand another person’s viewpoint, even if it differs from my own’; and ‘I find it easy to put myself in somebody else’s shoes’.
Lead researcher, Dr Rachel Clutterbuck, emphasised that these findings could improve our understanding of social differences between people:
“The reasons for why some people are better at understanding others are not well understood, but this research provides a glimpse into some individual differences, such as gender, which may help to explain these social differences.
“Our results are new because the study considered so many factors – like gender, education, age, and politics – in tandem, rather than looking at them separately as often happens.
“When we do this, it is clear to see that gender is, by far, most strongly linked to how well others are understood.
“This finding highlights the complexity of social life and reminds us to consider the various factors that may contribute to understanding and getting on with someone.”
About this social neuroscience research news
Author: Chris Melvin
Source: University of Bath
Contact: Chris Melvin – University of Bath
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News
Original Research: Open access.
“Socio-demographic and Political Predictors of Theory of Mind in Adulthood” by Punit Shah et al. PLOS ONE
Abstract
Socio-demographic and Political Predictors of Theory of Mind in Adulthood
Individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM)–the ability to understand the mental states of others–are theorised to be predicted by socio-demographic and political factors.
However, inconsistent findings on the relationships between various socio-demographic predictors and ToM, as well as a paucity of research on political predictors of ToM, have left a gap in the literature.
Using a recently validated self-report measure of ToM in a large sample (N = 4202) we investigated the unique contributions of age, sex, socio-economic status, and political beliefs to ToM in adults.
Except for age, all variables were correlated with ToM, but when accounting for the variance of other predictors in statistical analyses, political beliefs was no longer associated with ToM. Dominance analysis revealed that participant sex was the most important predictor of ToM.
These findings help to address theoretical discrepancies in the existing literature and inform future methods and directions in social cognition research.
