Key Questions Answered:
Q: What is the “Geographic Model of Meaning in Life”?
A: It’s a conceptual framework proposing that life’s meaning is not fixed but emerges as individuals explore their lives with different attitudes and emotional states—much like navigating a terrain by touch.
Q: How is this model different from traditional philosophical approaches?
A: Rather than debating whether meaning is subjective or objective, the model views meaning as a dynamic experience shaped by our emotional engagement with life, treating both joyful and tragic experiences as part of the same meaningful landscape.
Q: Why does mood play such a crucial role in this theory?
A: Mood acts as a perceptual lens, influencing how we interpret experiences and whether they feel meaningful or empty—essentially guiding the way we uncover life’s worth in real time.
Summary: A new philosophical theory proposes that the meaning of life isn’t something static, but something we feel out as we move through life with different emotional stances. Dubbed the “Geographic Model of Meaning in Life,” this concept likens our search for meaning to a blind person probing space with a cane—meaning emerges through that very exploration.
Mood and emotion color how we experience and interpret life, shaping the “geography” of meaning moment by moment. The model bridges philosophy, psychology, and phenomenology, offering a bold new way to understand how we find life meaningful.
Key Facts:
- Exploratory Framework: Life’s meaning is shaped by the way we emotionally and actively explore it.
- Unified Experiences: Positive and negative moments both contribute to life’s meaningfulness.
- Interdisciplinary Bridge: The model connects philosophical and psychological approaches to meaning.
Source: Waseda University
Psychological and philosophical studies have long shown that a person’s subjective moods and emotions have a significant impact on how they experience the “meaning in life.”
Philosopher Matthew Ratcliffe pointed out that a person’s mood vividly operates in the background of perception and plays a major role in how they grasp the meaning of their life.
In psychology as well, there have been empirical studies investigating how mood affects the perception of life’s meaning. Meanwhile, phenomenology has revealed that the lived, first-person experience of the body deeply influences the way we perceive the world.
In adjacent fields, concepts such as affordance, solicitation, and enaction (enactivism) have been proposed one after another. These concepts focus on how human physical interactions with the world influence and form the way humans perceive and understand their surroundings.
In a recent study, Professor Masahiro Morioka of the Faculty of Human Sciences at Waseda University aimed to apply that same mechanism—not only to the perception of the external world, but also to the perception of “meaning in life.”
The results of this research were published online in Philosophia on June 4, 2025.
The present study is a conceptual and theoretical investigation into the nature of “meaning in life.” In the philosophy of life’s meaning to date, scholars have often debated whether meaning in life is purely subjective, i.e., life has meaning if the individual believes it does; purely objective, i.e., life has meaning regardless of what the individual thinks; or a hybrid of the two.
This study, however, sets aside those discussions and instead examines how “meaning in life” develops between a person trying to live their life and the life they are attempting to live—and how that meaning is experienced by the person.
As a result, the study proposes a “Geographic Model of Meaning in Life,” an active exploration model. Applied to the perception of life’s meaning, this model suggests that the manner in which a person explores their life—with specific attitudes and commitments—elicits various responses from life itself.
These responses may take the form of actual or potential experiences of life’s significance or misery. In other words, life’s value emerges—both positively and negatively—as a type of diverse geographical configuration that forms human experience.
This study proposes that we understand “meaning in life” as such a geographical configuration that corresponds to the person’s acts of exploration and their attitude toward life.
The noteworthy definition as per Morioka is, “The geographic model of meaning in life is the whole set of patterns of combinations of lived experiences of the worthfulness of living a life that are experienced being activated by my action of probing into my life in the here and now, and this action is similar to the action of a blind person probing her way with a cane.
“This probing can be carried out with various attitudes or commitments towards life, such as positive, negative, reluctant, and so on. The worthfulness of my life is experienced differently corresponding to the attitudes or commitments I take when I probe into my life.”
In many ways, this work marks a paradigm shift: it treats both meaningful and tragic experiences as parts of the same experiential landscape and explores “meaning in life” as a perceptual experience of that complex geography.
This shift was made possible by introducing phenomenological methodology into the philosophy of life’s meaning, which could serve as a bridge between philosophy and psychology, opening the door to more productive interdisciplinary collaboration.
Notably, psychology has developed both quantitative and qualitative scales to measure how people feel that their lives are meaningful. These existing approaches vary widely, but the “geographical model” proposed in this study approaches the experience of life’s meaning from a completely different angle. It may offer new insights for psychology and related fields.
With eyes set on the future, Morioka remarks, “My next goal is to integrate this study with other ongoing approaches in the philosophy of life’s meaning: namely, the solipsistic approach to meaning in life and the liberation and recollection approach.
“Through such integration, I aim to build a new, systematic framework within the philosophy of life’s meaning.”
About this neurophilosophy and psychology research news
Author: Armand Aponte
Source: Waseda University
Contact: Armand Aponte – Waseda University
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News
Original Research: Open access.
“A Phenomenological Approach to the Philosophy of Meaning in Life” by Masahiro Morioka. Philosophia
Abstract
A Phenomenological Approach to the Philosophy of Meaning in Life
In this paper I introduce two phenomenological ideas, affordance and enaction, to the philosophical discussion of meaning in life.
I further analyse how our attitude or commitment to life is related to our experience of meaningfulness in life.
In times of hardship, if a person is determined to survive, her life may appear somewhat hopeful, but if she sinks into the depths of despair, her life may appear insignificant and worthless.
This shows that one’s lived experience of the worthfulness of living, as seen from within, changes significantly corresponding to the attitude or commitment she takes towards her life in the here and now.
I extend this line of analysis to other possible experiences of meaning in life and propose that the whole patterns of such experiences should be regarded as a kind of subjective geography.
Through this investigation, I aim to illustrate what kind of contribution phenomenology can make to the philosophy of meaning in life.
